Summary about Disease
Fissured tongue (also known as scrotal tongue or plicated tongue) is a benign condition characterized by grooves or fissures of varying depths on the dorsal surface of the tongue. It's often found in conjunction with geographic tongue, and while it can appear alarming, it is generally harmless and doesn't usually require treatment.
Symptoms
The primary symptom is the presence of one or more deep grooves (fissures) on the top of the tongue. These fissures can vary in size, depth, and direction. In some cases, there might be a single central fissure with smaller branches. Food debris can sometimes accumulate in the fissures, potentially causing mild irritation or a burning sensation.
Causes
The exact cause of fissured tongue is unknown. However, it is thought to be associated with genetic factors, as it often runs in families. It is also more common in individuals with certain conditions such as Down syndrome, psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome, and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Age also plays a role, as the condition tends to become more prevalent with increasing age.
Medicine Used
Generally, no specific medication is needed for fissured tongue itself, as it is a benign condition. Treatment focuses on managing any discomfort or secondary infections that may arise from food accumulation in the fissures. This might involve:
Topical anesthetics or corticosteroids: In rare cases of significant discomfort or inflammation, a dentist or doctor might prescribe a topical anesthetic or corticosteroid to alleviate symptoms.
Antifungal medication: If a fungal infection (such as candidiasis) develops in the fissures, an antifungal medication may be prescribed.
Is Communicable
No, fissured tongue is not communicable. It is not an infectious disease and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
While fissured tongue is harmless, the following precautions can help prevent secondary problems:
Good oral hygiene: Brush your tongue gently with a soft toothbrush to remove food debris from the fissures.
Mouthwash: Using a mild, non-alcohol-based mouthwash can help keep the tongue clean.
Avoid irritants: Limit consumption of acidic or spicy foods that may irritate the tongue.
Regular dental check-ups: See your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings.
How long does an outbreak last?
Fissured tongue is generally considered a chronic condition. The fissures themselves do not "outbreak" and disappear. They are usually permanent features of the tongue. However, secondary issues like inflammation or fungal infections can arise and resolve with appropriate care.
How is it diagnosed?
Fissured tongue is typically diagnosed through a visual examination by a dentist or doctor. The characteristic appearance of the fissures on the tongue is usually sufficient for diagnosis. A medical history is usually taken to investigate any other possibly related conditions or syndromes. In rare cases, a biopsy might be performed to rule out other conditions, but this is not usually necessary.
Timeline of Symptoms
Fissured tongue can develop at any age, but it becomes more common with age. The fissures may appear gradually over time, or they may be present from childhood. Once the fissures develop, they are typically permanent, though their appearance might vary slightly over time due to factors like tongue swelling or inflammation. There isn't a specific "timeline" as the condition itself is more of a static anatomical feature than a disease with a clear progression.
Important Considerations
Fissured tongue is a benign condition, and most people with it experience no symptoms or problems.
It's important to maintain good oral hygiene to prevent secondary infections.
If you experience pain, burning, or other discomfort associated with your fissured tongue, consult a dentist or doctor.
While there is no cure for fissured tongue, managing any associated discomfort or complications is usually straightforward.
Do not confuse fissured tongue with geographic tongue although they can be related. Geographic tongue presents with inflammatory lesions that move around.